Biology and chemistry students from Valdosta State University, Georgia, are one step closer to commercialising a green-technology artificial reef used to stimulate marine growth.
Students at VSU – under the direction of Dr. Tom Manning, professor of chemistry – filed for patents that support their marine project. The project includes the application of cellulose and cement to construct artificial mediums that encourage the growth of marine life.
The artificial reefs are prepared by drying different sources of cellulose, such as bamboo or pine – in an oven and then soaking it in nutrients before allowing it to dry at room temperature.
Bioactive concrete, a mixture optimised by the students to promote marine life growth, is then used to hold the reefs in place in bodies of water.
The entire system is biodegradable; designed to leave behind a functioning marine ecosystem after it decomposes.
The value of their creation was proven after deploying reefs in the Florida Keys and monitoring the marine ecosystem for several months in 2013.
Students found that the reefs contributed to growth of a host of marine organisms and that baby octopuses, crabs, Spanish lobsters, marine worms, and shrimp were feeding on them. Along the Florida panhandle they demonstrated their material could be used to colonise oysters.
Oysters have been singled out largely for their ability to control shoreline erosion and help with water quality issues, as one oyster can filter up to fifty gallons of water per day. Large projects, such as oyster beds in the Chesapeake Bay and along the shoreline of Louisiana have drawn national attention, and may be a target for this new technology.
“Since the project began, we have received a permit to do work in the state of Florida – testing the reefs in many different locations,” said Manning. “Permits usually take 18 months to obtain; however, the project has proven to be so promising that it only took the students three days to obtain it.”
Manning and three students visited Washington, D.C. as part of the National Science Foundation’s merit review process, which allowed a range of professionals to evaluate projects and provide feedback on the potential commercialisation of the research.
This process included recommendations on applying for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant that provides seed funding for projects to enter the market.
Recent biology graduate Brittany Butler presented the advantages of deploying green tech reefs compared to current practices, which include the use of steel and concrete reefs deployed by ships.
“Our project was by far the most blue collar,” Butler said. “Coming into this, we were the underdogs. Nonetheless, our preliminary data, as well as the permit that we received to work in Florida, were very beneficial. Of the 24 teams that presented from across the nation, our team was one of six that was given a recommendation to pursue commercialisation.”
While Butler worked with Manning to gain approval for the SBIR grant application, Sydney Plummer, biology major, and Tess Baker, biology and chemistry major, met with legislatives’ aides and members of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to lobby for safer practices for deploying reefs such as those used in the marine project.
Now one step closer to commercialisation, the team is exploring the many ways the green tech reef can be used.
“The reef is like Miragrow for the ocean,” said Butler. “We have explored how the reefs provide food for oysters and how more oyster beds help control water pollution. However, we are approaching the process of deploying these reefs to apply to anything that one wants to grow in the ocean – not just oysters.”
Since the start of the project the team has developed partnerships with local companies including The Langdale Company and Scruggs Concrete.
The marine project is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation I-Corps program, which fosters entrepreneurship that leads to commercialisation of technology.
The group has filed three United States non-provisional utility patent applications on the different processes.
The students have presented their research at Valdosta State’s 2014 Undergraduate Research Symposium as well as the University System of Georgia Board of Regents October 2014 meeting. The project has also been featured in Clean Technology Business Review and Sport Diver magazine.
See also www.reefball.org for other projects undertaken worldwide.
